Liquefaction potential assessment of saturated loess

Author:

Karastanev Doncho1,Tchakalova Boriana1

Affiliation:

1. Geological Institute, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 24, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria

Abstract

Usually, soils with mainly fine grain-sized content, as loess, are considered to have low liquefaction potential. Regardless of this, many researchers have analyzed and presented much field evidence that silty soil (in particular loess) liquefaction occurred under certain conditions. In Bulgaria, the first loess river terrace (T1) within the Danube River lowland areas is covered by low plasticity silty loess with a thickness of 10–12 m. Тhe groundwater level is often located between 5 m and 8 m in depth so that substantial part of loess deposits are saturated and immersed. Meanwhile, that region of North Bulgaria is under the influence of the Vrancea seismic zone in Romania, which is able to generate strong earthquakes with magnitudes M≥7.0. The present paper aims to assess the liquefaction potential of loess in a ground profile representative of the T1 loess river terraces by the so-called simplified procedure based on SPT, which is incorporated in the software code NovoLiq. The safety factor against liquefaction FSL is estimated at the respective depths in one-dimensional model of the ground profile for free-field conditions at varying peak ground accelerations amax. The critical amax, at which liquefaction of loess is possible according to the assumptions of the applied simplified procedure and the requirements of the National Annex of Bulgaria to Eurocode 8, has been established.

Publisher

Geological Institute, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences

Subject

General Earth and Planetary Sciences

Reference25 articles.

1. Andrews, D.C.A., Martin, G.R. 2000. Criteria for liquefaction of silty soils. Proceedings of the 12th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Auckland, New Zealand, p. 312.

2. Berov, B., Ivanov, P., Frangov, G., Dobrev, N., Krastanov, M. 2017. Liquefaction susceptibility of quaternary deposits in Bulgaria. Proceedings of the 17th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM 2017, 29 June–5 July, 2017, Albena, Bulgaria, 17 (12), 499–506, https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2017/12/S02.064.

3. Boulanger, R.W., Idriss, I.M. 2014. CPT and SPT-based liquefaction triggering procedures. Report No. UCD/CGM14/01. University of California Davis, CA, 134 pp.

4. Cetin, K.O., Seed, R.B., Der Kiureghian, A., Tokimatsu, K., Harder, L.F., Kayen, R.E., Moss, R.E.S. 2004. Standard penetration test-based probabilistic and deterministic assessment of seismic soil liquefaction potential. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 130 (12), 1314–1340, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2004)130:12(1314).

5. EN 1998-5. 2004. Eurocode 8: Design of structures for earthquake resistance. Part 5: Foundations, retaining structures and geotechnical aspects. BDS EN 1998-5:2005.2007 (in Bulgarian).

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