Formation of productivity elements of winter wheat varieties depending on agrotechnical factors in the conditions of the central Forest-­Steppe

Abstract

Purpose. To determine the elements of productivity of new winter wheat varieties of the Myronivka breeding in the conditions of the central Ukrainian Forest­Steppe, depending on the predecessors and sowing dates. Methods. The research was conducted in 2019–2021 in a four­factor experiment on the fields of the V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat of NAAS (MIW), located in the central part of the Ukrainian Forest­Steppe. The subject of the research was the processes of productivity formation of soft winter wheat; five new varieties of Myronivka breeding (‘MIP Fortuna’, ‘MIP Lada’, ‘MIP Yuvileina’, ‘Avrora Myronivska’, ‘MIP Lakomka’) were compared with the standard (‘Podolianka’). The trials were designed according to two predecessors – the common sunflower and soybean; sowing was carried out on 25 September and 5 October with a deviation of 1–3 days. Results. According to the results of the research, the optimal growth and development of the plants of the soft winter wheat varieties in the corresponding phenological phases, as well as the formation of the ear during the gro­wing season were ensured. The best vegetation period was in 2019, when the length of the central ear was more than 10.00 cm. Taking into account the influence of the sowing date after predecessors such as the common sunflower and soybean, the varieties ‘MIP Lada’ and ‘MIW Fortuna’ proved to be stable in terms of central spike length, providing high plant productivity. An important element of the latter is the number of grains in the spike, which was highest in ‘Avrora Myronivska’ (61 pcs) in 2021 at the second sowing date. Grain weight values from the central ear also depended on variety, sowing date and predecessor. A direct correlation between the studied productivity indicators and yield was found. Conclusions. Following an analysis of the indicators of productivity formation, three valuable winter wheat varie­ties were identified as being suitable for cultivation in the Central Forest­Steppe of Ukraine. These are ‘MIP Fortuna’, ‘MIW Lada’ and ‘MIW Lakomka’.