CLINICAL PROFILES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF MENSTRUAL DYSFUNCTION IN WOMEN AFTER SUFFERING FROM COVID-19 OR VACCINATION

Abstract

The aim: To investigate changes in the characteristics of menstrual function in women after suffering from Covid-19 or vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. Materials and methods: After the retrospective analysis of 378 medical records patients were divided into: Group 1 (177 women) with menstrual function disorders (MFD) after COVID-19, Group 2 (121 women) with MFD after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, Group C (80 women) without MFD after COVID-19 or vaccination (controls). The study focused on the clinical and hormonal menstrual cycle characteristics and factors influencing MFD. Results: Dyshormonal thyroid disorders were observed in 63.0% of Group 1 and 45.7% of Group 2 patients; hyperprolactinemia - in 31.0% and 39.4%, hyper¬estrogenia - in 50% and 21%, and hyperandrogenism - in 39% and 20%. MFD was associated with hyperandrogenism with concurrent hyperprolactinemia, in the context of thyroid dysfunction; and with changes of gonadotropin production, along with normal and elevated estrogen concentrations and worsening of mental health that suggest disruption of central regulatory and feedback mechanisms in the pituitary-thyroid-ovarian system under the stressors influence. Conclusions: There are changes in the menstrual cycle associated with disruption of the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary system and thyroid function in women after suffering from Covid-19 or vaccination. To reestablish reproductive homeostasis, employing a personalized diagnostic strategy is recommended, encompassing the evaluation of thyroid gland status, hormonal profiling, and the consideration of psychosocial facets.