Management of Sinonasal Malignant Neoplasms: Defining the Role of Endoscopy

Abstract

Background Preliminary reports support the role of endoscopic techniques in the management of selected sinonasal malignancies. The objectives of this review are (1) to assess outcomes for patients undergoing definitive endoscopic tumor extirpation and (2) to elucidate the role of endoscopy in the management of sinonasal malignancies. Methods Retrospective review of patients with sinonasal malignancy managed via endoscopic techniques from September 1998 to December 2007 was conducted. Results Sixty-one patients were identified (38 men and 23 women) with a mean age of 59 years. The five most common pathologies were squamous cell carcinoma (21), melanoma (10), esthesioneuroblastoma (8), adenocarcinoma (7), and sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma (3). Sixty-nine endoscopic procedures were performed and categorized according to surgical intent: 57 curative resections (82.6%), 8 palliative resections (11.6%), and 4 tumor mappings (5.8%). Adjuvant chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy was used in 29 of the 50 patients (58%). For those patients undergoing definitive treatment, the disease-free and overall survival rates were 69.2 and 84.6% at mean of 34.5 and 42.7 months, respectively. The local and regional recurrence rates were 17 and 10%, respectively. Conclusion The endoscope is a versatile tool for management of sinonasal malignant neoplasms. Although the role was once just limited to biopsy, endoscopic approaches allow for definitive resection for curative intent and palliative resection for patient comfort with acceptable survival. Moreover, endoscopy facilitates three-dimensional tumor mapping and posttreatment surveillance in patients undergoing definitive chemoradiation.