Abstract
Despite significant therapeutic advances in the treatment of patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), a significant proportion experience relapse or progression following standard immunochemotherapy (ICT). The introduction of novel targeted immunotherapy agents has potentially ushered in a new era in the management of NHL. Emerging approaches to treatment, including chemo-free regimens, targeted therapies, and immunotherapy for follicular lymphoma (FL), mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), and diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL), have become increasingly important. Furthermore, genomic tools and biomarkers support subtyping of lymphomas and contribute greatly to identifying patients likely to respond to therapy and predict treatment outcome, thus offering a subset-specific precision medicine approach to managing NHL to both prevent and treat relapse. The latest development in the management of NHL is the use of checkpoint inhibitors to prevent cell–cell communication and tumour growth. Despite limited evidence to date, checkpoint inhibitors in combination with existing ICT may fundamentally shift the NHL treatment algorithm towards personalised immunotherapy.