An Incidental Finding of Asymptomatic Quadricuspid Pulmonary Valve at Autopsy: A Case Report and Comprehensive Literature Review

Abstract

A quadricuspid pulmonary valve (QPV) is a rare congenital cardiac anomaly, mostly identified incidentally during autopsy or imaging examination. The authors report on an autopsy case report describing a case of a QPV recognised incidentally during the autopsy of a 91-year-old male with bilateral pneumonia. All four cusps of the pulmonary valve exhibited approximately equal sizes and showed no degenerative changes, while the remaining heart valves displayed no structural anomalies. There was no clinical or pathological evidence of stenosis or regurgitation. In this report, the authors discuss the clinical presentation, review the existing literature, investigate the diagnostic and clinical implications of QPV, and highlight the key factors involved in QPV embryogenesis.