Study of Physical Properties and Alterability of Natural Stones and Artificial Agglomerated

Abstract

Objective: This work aims to evaluate the physical and alterability properties such as resistance to staining and chemical attack of two natural stones (Siena White and White Marble) and two artificial agglomerated stones (Aldan White and Galaxy White), using Brazilian technical standards as methodology. ABNT NBR 15845 (2015), NBR 16596 (2017) and NBR 10545 (2017).   Theoretical Framework: Ornamental stones, such as granite, marble and quartzite, are valued in construction and decoration for their durability and natural beauty. Artificial agglomerated stones are industrially produced to imitate the appearance of natural stones, offering additional advantages such as greater uniformity and resistance. Both options have their various aesthetic and functional applications.   Method: Ten specimens measuring 60 x 60 x 20 mm were used for each material. Apparent density, apparent porosity and water absorption tests were carried out. To determine resistance to chemical attack, ABNT NBR 16596 (2017) was used, where the stones were exposed to a variety of chemical agents. The determination of stain resistance was carried out according to the ABNT NBR 10545-14 (2017) standard in an adapted form. The samples were exposed for 24 hours to penetrating agents and household products. Subsequently, the material was classified according to the ease of removing stains, after the cleaning steps described in the standard.   Results and Discussion: The results showed that natural stones and artificial agglomerates were satisfactory in meeting the requirements of the ABNT NBR 15844 (2015) standard, as the lower porosity and reduced water absorption generally make these materials more durable and easier to maintain, especially in environments where the Exposure to moisture and liquids is an important factor, such as in kitchens and bathrooms.   Research Implications: Evaluate the physical indices, staining and chemical attack of natural stones and artificial agglomerated stones produced by the industry.   Originality/Value: Carry out tests on natural stones and artificial agglomerates in materials sold in industry and certify their technological characteristics through tests established by Brazilian standards.