Prevalencia de la restricción de crecimiento extrauterino y factores de riesgo asociados en recién nacidos con peso menor de 1500 gramos en una unidad de cuidado intensivo neonatal de Bogotá (Colombia)

Abstract

Introduction: Newborns weighing less than 1500 grams present extrauterine growth restriction (EUGR) at hospital discharge in 40% to 90% and this is associated with increased morbidity. Objective: To describe the prevalence of EUGR and associated risk factors in newborns weighing less than 1500 grams at birth. Methods: Cross-sectional study with analytical component, which included neonates weighing less than 1500 grams, born in the institution between December 2015 and June 2020. Results: 128 patients with birth weight of 1,216 ± 207.8 grams and gestational age of 30 ± 2.3 weeks were identified. At hospital discharge 44.5% had EUGR, 56.1% of which were born with low weight for gestational age; 27/57 were classified as EUGR in severe category; 22.7% required pulmonary surfactant at birth and 84.2% presented bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Conclusions: The prevalence of EUGR at discharge in our unit is high and higher in low birth weight neonates who were 10 times more at risk. The use of surfactant was a protective factor.