How can excess residual cement be reduced in implant‐supported restorations?: An in vitro study

Abstract

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different cements and cementation techniques used in implant‐supported restorations and the application of various vent modifications and extraoral replica techniques on the amount of overflowing cement in cemented systems.Materials and MethodsIn this study, three different abutment designs were used as fully closed, occlusal vented, and occlusal + proximal vented. An extraoral replica was produced by milling the CAD/CAM ceramic block. The number of groups with and without replicas was determined as six (n = 10). For the cementation procedures, three different cements were tested: dual‐cure resin, eugenol‐free zinc oxide, and polycarboxylate cements. Cobalt–chromium superstructures to be cemented to the implant analog–abutment complex were produced by direct metal laser sintering method. Twenty‐four hours after the cementation process, residual cement were measered with Micro‐CT. In comparisons between groups, ANOVA test was used for normally distributed variables and Kruskall–Wallis H test was used for non‐normally distributed variables at a significance level of p < 0.05.ResultsThe difference in residual cement volumes between the groups in terms of both cementation techniques (whether or not to use an extraoral replica and different vent desings) and cement types was found to be statistically significant (p < 0.05). There was significantly less residual cement in all groups that used extraoral replicas than those that did not. As for the cement types, the most residual cement occurred in the resin cement.ConclusionThe use of extraoral replicas and vent designs on the abutment significantly reduces the amount of residual cement. Regardless of the cementation technique, the type of cement used affects the amount of excess cement.Clinical RelevanceTo reduce residual cement, both the type of cement and the cementation technique used must be considered.