Riverscape features determining the genetic structure of the Yellow‐Spotted Amazon River Turtle (Podocnemis unifilis) in Brazilian Amazonia

Author:

Agostini Maria Augusta Paes1234ORCID,Machado Arielli Fabrício25,Ritter Camila Duarte67ORCID,Félix‐Silva Daniely8,Pezzuti Juarez C. B.8,Andrade Paulo César Machado9,Pantoja‐Lima Jackson10,da Silva Viana Maria das Neves11,dos Santos Monjeló Luiz Alberto2,Vogt Richard C.4,de Oliveira Junior Waldesse Piragé3,Farias Izeni Pires2

Affiliation:

1. Programa de Pós‐Graduação Em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia da Amazônia Legal – BIONORTE Manaus Amazonas Brazil

2. Laboratório de Evolução e Genética Animal (LEGAL), Departamento de Genética Universidade Federal Do Amazonas (UFAM) Manaus Amazonas Brazil

3. Laboratório de Biodiversidade e Genética Molecular Universidade Federal Do Tocantins (UFT) Palmas Tocantins Brazil

4. Centro de Estudos de Quelônios da Amazônia (CEQUA) Instituto Nacional de Pesquisa da Amazônia (INPA) Manaus Amazonas Brazil

5. Laboratório de Paleobiologia Universidade Federal Do Pampa (UNIPAMPA) São Gabriel Rio Grande do Sul Brazil

6. Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA) Manaus Amazonas Brazil

7. Instituto Juruá Manaus Amazonas Brazil

8. Núcleo de Altos Estudos Amazônicos (NAEA) Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA) Belem Para Brazil

9. Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias Universidade Federal Do Amazonas (UFAM) Manaus Amazonas Brazil

10. Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Do Amazonas (IFAM) Presidente Figueiredo Amazonas Brazil

11. Departamento de Fisiologia Universidade Federal Do Amazonas (UFAM) Manaus Amazonas Brazil

Abstract

AbstractLandscape characteristics can influence gene flow depending on the species ability to disperse. This imposes different levels of resistance to movement, determining the genetic structure and diversity of populations. Waterfalls and rapids in the Amazon basin have been suggested as contributing factors to the diversification and genetic structure of freshwater species, including turtles. Thus, along some main rivers of the Brazilian Amazon: Juruá, Madeira, Amazonas, Trombetas, Tapajós, Xingu, Tocantins, and Araguaia, we evaluated the spatial distribution of genetic diversity and characterized the population structure of Podocnemis unifilis, a widely distributed and endangered Amazonian turtle, using the mitochondrial DNA control region. We tested for isolation by geographic distance and by resistance models through an integrative approach using genetic, geographic, and ecological data, comparing these matrices with genetic distance. We found heterogeneous levels of genetic diversity and no spatial patterns. Results supported the isolation by resistance hypothesis, where the movement of individuals was influenced by freshwater, vegetational, climatological, and geomorphological variables, explaining the genetic distance of P. unifilis. Rapids and waterfalls impose greater resistance although they are barriers with different levels of permeability to the P. unifilis gene flow. Thus, the idiosyncrasies of each sub‐basin must be considered in the interpretation of the patterns found in assessing phylogeographic history.Abstract in Portuguese is available with online material.

Publisher

Wiley

Reference93 articles.

1. Agostini M. A. P.(2016).Padrões genético‐populacionais do “tracajá”.Podocnemis unifilis (Troschel 1848) (TESTUDINES: PODOCNEMIDIDAE) na Amazônia brasileira(Master dissertation). Universidade Federal do Amazonas.40pp.

2. Notes on nesting of Podocnemis unifilis (Chelonia, Pelomedusidae) in small agricultural clearings in eastern Amazõnia, Pará, Brazil;Almeida S. S.;Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi Série Ciências Naturais,2006

3. A New Cryptic Species of South American Freshwater Pufferfish of the Genus Colomesus (Tetraodontidae), Based on Both Morphology and DNA Data

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