Mrada3 is required for sexual reproduction and secondary metabolite production in industrial fungi Monascus strain

Abstract

Abstract Aims Monascus spp. are valuable industrial fungi for producing beneficial compounds. Because sporulation is often coupled with the production of secondary metabolites, the current study was performed to investigate how Mrada3 regulated asexual and sexual development and the production of edible pigments and mycotoxin. Methods and Results The functional characteristics of Mrada3 were identified by gene deletion and overexpression in Monascus ruber M7 (the wild-type, WT). The results revealed that the ΔMrada3 strain aborted sexual development, but it produced many more conidia than WT. RNA-seq data showed that the deletion of Mrada3 altered the expression levels of partial genes involved in sexual and asexual development. In addition, the deletion of Mrada3 also resulted in slower growth, lower pigment production and increased citrinin yield during the late period. For the Mrada3-overexpressed strain, the number of ascospores and pigment content were significantly higher than those of WT, but citrinin was slightly lower than that of WT. Conclusions The Mrada3 gene plays a vital role in the sporulation development and secondary metabolism of Monascus species. Significance and impact of the study Mrada3 is first identified as an essential regulator for sexual development in Monascus species, enriching the regulatory knowledge of sexual development in filamentous fungi.