Affiliation:
1. Department of Internal Medicine University of Turku Turku Finland
2. Department of Cardiology University Heart and Vascular Centre Hamburg‐Eppendorf Hamburg Germany
3. German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck Hamburg Germany
4. Department of Public Health and Welfare Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare Turku Finland
5. Division of Medicine Turku University Hospital Turku Finland
6. Neuroscience Center University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
7. Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences University of Jyväskylä Jyväskylä Finland
Abstract
AbstractAimsDementia is a major health problem. Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and risk factors are associated with incident dementia. However, whether there is an association among CVD, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VD) at the population level remains unclear.MethodsWe analysed the association between CVD (heart failure [HF], atrial fibrillation [AF], myocardial infarction [MI], peripheral arterial disease, stroke and transient ischemic attack) and the incidence of dementia using nationwide FinnGen data of 218,192 individuals. The last follow‐up information on dementia was available from October 2021.ResultsThe age at the end of the follow‐up was 61.7 ± 17.1 years, and 53% were women. Overall, we observed 9701 (4.4%) dementia, 6323 (2.9%) AD and 1918 (0.7%) VD cases. Individuals with CVD had a higher risk of developing dementia than unexposed individuals. In the multivariable‐adjusted Cox models, stroke was most strongly associated with dementia (hazard ratio [HR] 1.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.6–1.8). CVD was more strongly associated with VD than with AD. Individuals with HF and MI had an increased risk of AD (HF: HR 1.11, 95% CI 1.04–1.19; MI: HR 1.10, 95% CI 1.02–1.18). AF was associated with VD (HR 1.58, 95% CI 1.42–1.77), but not with AD (HR 1.03, 95% CI 0.97–1.09). Clinical characteristics, such as diabetes, smoking and alcohol abuse, were associated with both types of dementia.ConclusionAll major CVDs were associated with an increased risk of developing dementia, particularly VD. Therefore, CVD onset should prompt an assessment of cognitive decline and possible preventive measures.
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