1. 1. Charles Beitz,Political Theory and International Relations(Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1979); Will Kymlicka,Multicultural Citizenship(Oxford: Clarendon, 1995), ch. 1.
2. 2. Tomas Hammar,Democracy and the Nation State: Aliens, Denizens and Citizens in a World of International Migration(Aldershot: Avebury, 1990).
3. 3. Joseph Carens, "Migration, Membership, and Morality," unpublished project proposal (2000).
4. Citizenship of the European Union. Human Rights, Rights of Citizens of the Union and of Member States
5. 5. Dilek Cinar, "From Aliens to Citizens," in Rainer Baubock, ed.From Aliens to Citizens: Redefining the Status of Immigrants in Europe(Aldershot: Avebury, 1994).