Evaluation of Hydraulic Conductivity Estimates from Various Approaches with Groundwater Flow Models

Author:

Sun Dongwei1,Luo Ning1,Vandenhoff Aaron1,McCall Wesley2,Zhao Zhanfeng3,Wang Chenxi1,Rudolph David L.1,Illman Walter A.

Affiliation:

1. Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Waterloo Waterloo ON N2L3G1 Canada

2. Geoprobe Systems Inc 1835 Wall Street Salina KS 67401 USA

3. Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

Abstract

AbstractSignificant efforts have been expended for improved characterization of hydraulic conductivity (K) and specific storage (Ss) to better understand groundwater flow and contaminant transport processes. Conventional methods including grain size analyses (GSA), permeameter, slug, and pumping tests have been utilized extensively, while Direct Push‐based Hydraulic Profiling Tool (HPT) surveys have been developed to obtain high‐resolution K estimates. Moreover, inverse modeling approaches based on geology‐based zonations, and highly parameterized Hydraulic Tomography (HT) have also been advanced to map spatial variations of K and Ss between and beyond boreholes. While different methods are available, it is unclear which one yields K estimates that are most useful for high resolution predictions of groundwater flow. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to evaluate various K estimates at a highly heterogeneous field site obtained with three categories of characterization techniques including: (1) conventional methods (GSA, permeameter, and slug tests); (2) HPT surveys; and (3) inverse modeling based on geology‐based zonations and highly parameterized approaches. The performance of each approach is first qualitatively analyzed by comparing K estimates to site geology. Then, steady‐state and transient groundwater flow models are employed to quantitatively assess various K estimates by simulating pumping tests not used for parameter estimation. Results reveal that inverse modeling approaches yield the best drawdown predictions under both steady and transient conditions. In contrast, conventional methods and HPT surveys yield biased predictions. Based on our research, it appears that inverse modeling and data fusion are necessary steps in predicting accurate groundwater flow behavior.

Funder

Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada

Publisher

Wiley

Subject

Computers in Earth Sciences,Water Science and Technology

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