Zoogeochemistry of a protected area: Driven by anthropogenic impacts and animal behavior

Author:

Trepel Jonas12ORCID,Abraham Andrew J.13ORCID,Lundgren Erick J.1ORCID,Ferraro Kristy M.4ORCID,Fløjgaard Camilla5ORCID,Haugaard Lars5,Sunde Peter5ORCID,Pedersen Rasmus Ø.1ORCID,Tietje Melanie6ORCID,Kamp Johannes2ORCID,le Roux Elizabeth17ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Center for Ecological Dynamics in a Novel Biosphere (ECONOVO), Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Biology Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark

2. Department of Conservation Biology University of Göttingen Göttingen Germany

3. School of Informatics, Computing and Cyber Systems Northern Arizona University Flagstaff Arizona USA

4. School of the Environment Yale University New Haven CT USA

5. Department of Ecoscience Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark

6. Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Biology Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark

7. Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Mammal Research Institute University of Pretoria Pretoria South Africa

Abstract

AbstractAnthropogenic eutrophication of ecosystems is an important driver of biodiversity loss. Even protected areas (PAs) may be impacted by anthropogenic nutrients, for example, from atmospheric deposition or the provision of supplementary feeding. However, the resultant nutrient patterns, and the role of local wildlife in shaping them, remain poorly understood. We investigated anthropogenic influences on the role that red deer (Cervus elaphus) play in the nutrient balance of a PA in Denmark. We used habitat selection modeling and theoretical scenarios where we varied the proportion of energy the deer obtained from supplementary versus natural forage and compared it with the nutrients removed due to hunting. We show that the movement and distribution of the red deer population within the PA are very heterogeneous and likely influenced by the need for shelter. Moreover, depending on their reliance on supplementary feeding, deer can potentially import large amounts of nutrients to the PA, and concentrate them in localized hotspots. However, we also explore the potential for nutrient loss due to hunting activities. Such indirect anthropogenic impacts on nutrient landscapes may counteract restoration and conservation efforts. We therefore recommend incorporating anthropogenic influences on zoogeochemistry and the animal‐mediated connectivity between PAs and anthropogenically dominated landscapes into future management plans.

Funder

Danmarks Frie Forskningsfond

Publisher

Wiley

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