Nocardia spp. isolation in chronic lung diseases: Are there differences between patients with pulmonary nocardiosis and Nocardia colonization?

Author:

Serino Mariana1,Sousa Catarina1,Redondo Margarida1,Carvalho Teresa2,Ribeiro Manuela2,Ramos Angélica23,Cruz-Martins Natália456ORCID,Amorim Adelina14

Affiliation:

1. Pulmonology Department Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João Porto Portugal

2. Clinical Pathology Department Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João Porto Portugal

3. Institute of Public Health of the University of Porto (ISPUP) Porto Portugal

4. Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto Alameda Prof. Hernani Monteiro Porto Portugal

5. Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S) University of Porto Porto Portugal

6. Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies (CESPU) Rua Central de Gandra Gandra Portugal

Abstract

Abstract Aims Chronic lung diseases are a recognized risk factor for Nocardia spp. infection. Nocardia spp. isolation does not inevitably imply disease, and thus colonization must be considered. Here, we aimed to analyse the differences between pulmonary nocardiosis (PN) and Nocardia spp. colonization in patients with chronic lung diseases. Methods and results A retrospective study of patients with laboratory confirmation of isolation of Nocardia spp. in at least one respiratory sample was performed. Patients with PN and Nocardia spp. colonization were compared. There were 71 patients with Nocardia spp. identification, 64.8% were male, with a mean age of 67.7 ± 11.2 years. All patients had ≥1 pre-existing chronic lung disease, and 19.7% of patients were immunocompromised. PN and Nocardia spp. colonization were considered in 26.8% and 73.2% of patients, respectively. Symptoms and chest CT findings were significantly more frequent in patients with PN (p < 0.001). During follow-up time, 12 (16.9%) patients died, 6 in PN group. Immunosuppression, constitutional symptoms, haematological malignancy and PN diagnosis were associated with significantly shorter survival times, despite only immunosuppression (HR 3.399; 95% CI 1.052–10.989) and PN diagnosis (HR 3.568; 95% CI 1.078–11.910) remained associated with a higher death risk in multivariate analysis. Conclusions PN was associated with clinical worsening, more chest CT findings and worse clinical outcomes. Significance and impact of study Nocardia spp. isolation in chronic lung disease patients is more common than expected and the differentiation between colonization and disease is crucial.

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,General Medicine,Biotechnology

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