Land‐use change in the past 40 years explains shifts in arthropod community traits

Author:

Martínez‐Núñez Carlos12ORCID,Gossner Martin M.34ORCID,Maurer Corina14ORCID,Neff Felix1ORCID,Obrist Martin K.3ORCID,Moretti Marco3ORCID,Bollmann Kurt3ORCID,Herzog Felix1ORCID,Knop Eva15ORCID,Luka Henryk6,Cahenzli Fabian6ORCID,Albrecht Matthias1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Agroecology and Environment Zürich Switzerland

2. Department of Ecology and Evolution Estación Biológica de Doñana EBD (CSIC) Seville Spain

3. Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL Birmensdorf Switzerland

4. Department of Environmental Systems Science Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zürich Zürich Switzerland

5. Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of Zürich Zürich Switzerland

6. Department of Crop Sciences Research Institute of Organic Agriculture FiBL Frick Switzerland

Abstract

Abstract Understanding how anthropogenic activities induce changes in the functional traits of arthropod communities is critical to assessing their ecological consequences. However, we largely lack comprehensive assessments of the long‐term impact of global‐change drivers on the trait composition of arthropod communities across a large number of species and sites. This knowledge gap critically hampers our ability to predict human‐driven impacts on communities and ecosystems. Here, we use a dataset of 1.73 million individuals from 877 species to study how four functionally important traits of carabid beetles and spiders (i.e. body size, duration of activity period, tolerance to drought, and dispersal capacity) have changed at the community level across ~40 years in different types of land use and as a consequence of land use changes (that is, urbanisation and loss of woody vegetation) at the landscape scale in Switzerland. The results show that the mean body size in carabid communities declined in all types of land use, with particularly stronger declines in croplands compared to forests. Furthermore, the length of the activity period and the tolerance to drought of spider communities decreased in most land use types. The average body size of carabid communities in landscapes with increased urbanisation in the last ~40 years tended to decrease. However, the length of the activity period, the tolerance to drought, and the dispersal capacity did not change significantly. Furthermore, urbanisation promoted increases in the average dispersal capacities of spider communities. Additionally, urbanisation favoured spider communities with larger body sizes and longer activity periods. The loss of woody areas at the landscape level was associated with trait shifts to carabid communities with larger body sizes, shorter activity periods, higher drought tolerances and strongly decreased dispersal capacities. Decreases in activity periods and dispersal capacities were also found in spider communities. Our study demonstrates that human‐induced changes in land use alter key functional traits of carabid and spider communities in the long term. The detected trait shifts in arthropod communities likely have important consequences for their functional roles in ecosystems.

Publisher

Wiley

Reference65 articles.

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