Affiliation:
1. Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology University of the Western Cape Bellville South Africa
2. Department of Plant Sciences Qwaqwa Campus University of the Free State Phuthaditjhaba South Africa
3. Plant Pathology Department AgriScience Faculty Stellenbosch University Stellenbosch South Africa
4. Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Agriculture University of Zululand Main Road KwaDlangezwa South Africa
5. Plant Omics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology University of the Western Cape Bellville South Africa
Abstract
AbstractDue to their stationary nature, plants are exposed to a diverse range of biotic and abiotic stresses, of which heavy metal (HM) stress poses one of the most detrimental abiotic stresses, targeting diverse plant processes. HMs instigate the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and to mitigate the adverse effects of ROS, plants induce multiple defence mechanisms. Besides the negative implications of overproduction of ROS, these molecules play a multitude of signalling roles in plants, acting as a central player in the complex signalling network of cells. One of the ROS‐associated signalling mechanisms is the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade, a signalling pathway which transduces extracellular stimuli into intracellular responses. Plant MAPKs have been implicated in signalling involved in stress response, phytohormone regulation, and cell cycle cues. However, the influence of various HMs on MAPK activation has not been well documented. In this review, we address and summarise several aspects related to various HM‐induced ROS signalling. Additionally, we touch on how these signals activate the MAPK cascade and the downstream transcription factors that influence plant responses to HMs. Moreover, we propose a workflow that could characterise genes associated with MAPKs and their roles during plant HM stress responses.
Cited by
3 articles.
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