Assessment of Posttransplant Bacteremia Caused by Extended‐Spectrum Beta‐Lactamase–Producing Gram‐Negative Bacteria Among Kidney Transplant Recipients

Abstract

ABSTRACTBackgroundExtended‐spectrum beta‐lactamase–producing gram‐negative rods (ESBL‐GNR) are a rising cause of bacteremia in kidney transplant recipients (KT). The study purpose was to examine patient mortality, allograft survival, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at the end of 1 year, and readmission rates while looking at treatment strategies among KTs with ESBL‐GNR and non–ESBL‐GNR bacteremia at our institution.MethodsThis study was a retrospective, cohort analysis of KTs with gram‐negative bacteremia from January 1, 2020, to December 31, 2021. The primary outcome of the study was mortality. Patient outcomes were assessed for 365 days after positive blood cultures.ResultsThe study included 63 patients. Of these, 18 (29%) patients had bacteremia caused by an ESBL‐GNR and 45 (71%) patients had bacteremia caused by a non–ESBL‐GNR. Patient survival at 90 days was 94% in the ESBL‐GNR group and 96% in the non–ESBL‐GNR group. Ciprofloxacin was the most common antimicrobial therapy at discharge (68.9%) in the non–ESBL‐GNR group whereas ertapenem was the most common in the ESBL‐GNR group (44.5%). Median eGFR at discharge was 41 mL/min/1.73 m2 in the ESBL‐GNR group and 48 mL/min/1.73 m2 in the non–ESBL‐GNR group. Ninety‐day readmission occurred in 9 (50%) ESBL‐GNR patients and 14 (32%) non–ESBL‐GNR patients. None of the above comparisons are statistically significant (p > 0.05). Eleven (61%) ESBL‐GNR and 2 (4%) non–ESBL‐GNR patients used outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (p < 0.001).ConclusionsAmong KTs with ESBL‐GNR bacteremia, no significant difference was detected in mortality or allograft function compared to non–ESBL‐GNR bacteremia.