Affiliation:
1. Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons New York New York USA
2. Department of Dermatology Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York New York USA
3. Department of Dermatology Columbia University New York New York USA
4. Department of Pediatrics Columbia University New York New York USA
Abstract
AbstractPediatric dermatologists are frequently consulted to evaluate children for cutaneous signs of systemic disorders. Numerical thresholds of significance have been described in the dermatologic literature for various skin findings where the likelihood of an associated extracutaneous abnormality or known genetic syndrome increases significantly. Knowledge of these numerical thresholds facilitates diagnosis and management, which improves clinical outcomes and avoids severe complications. This review highlights the clinical presentation, complications, evaluation, and numerical significance, when applicable, for the following skin findings: infantile hemangiomas, capillary malformations, café‐au‐lait macules, hypopigmented macules, juvenile xanthogranulomas, pilomatricomas, and angiofibromas.