Over Three Decades of Growth Hormone Treatment in Children With Chronic Kidney Disease‐Associated Growth Failure Before and After Kidney Transplantation

Abstract

ABSTRACTBackgroundGrowth retardation and short final height is a common complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD) beginning in childhood, with profound deleterious effects on quality of life, mental health, and social achievement. Despite optimal treatments of causative factors for growth retardation in children with CKD, more than 50% of patients reach end‐stage renal failure with a height >2 SD below the mean, and most do not demonstrate “catch‐up” growth after receiving a kidney transplant. Four decades ago, recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) treatment was introduced after studies showed increased growth velocity and improved height SDS in uremic subjects. Since then, an abundance of published data showed significant improvements in health‐related quality of life, and most studies revealed no significant adverse effects. Clinical practice guidelines recommended rhGH treatment in CKD Stages 3–5D and after transplantation. Despite these guidelines, this therapy remained underutilized. Most commonly cited barriers to the implementation of rhGH treatment were the need for daily injections, financial challenges, physicians' unfamiliarity with guidelines, and fear of adverse events.ConclusionsrhGH has been shown to improve growth and final height in short children with CKD, with minimal adverse effects. Despite data of its successful use generated over 3 decades, this treatment is underutilized. More judicious utilization of the treatment should emphasize educating patients, their care givers, and members of the multidisciplinary treating team. Additional studies are needed to assess the longer‐term rhGH treatment in larger cohorts of patients, leading to additional supportive data and clearer recommendations.