Destructive fishing: An expert‐driven definition and exploration of this quasi‐concept

Author:

McCarthy Arlie Hannah123ORCID,Steadman Daniel4,Richardson Hannah4,Murphy Jack4,Benbow Sophie4,Brian Joshua I.15ORCID,Brooks Holly6,Costa‐Domingo Giulia6,Hazin Carolina7,McOwen Chris6ORCID,Walker Jessica8,Willer David F.1ORCID,Abdi Mohamad9,Auster Peter J.10,Bealey Roy11,Bensted‐Smith Robert12,Broadburn Kathryn13,Carvalho Gonçalo14,Collinson Tom15,Erinosho Bolanle16,Fabinyi Michael17,Febrica Senia18,Forbi Wilson Ngwa19,Garcia Serge M20,Goad David21,Goldsworthy Lynda22,Govan Hugh23,Heaphy Charles24,Hiddink Jan Geert25ORCID,Hosch Gilles26,Kachelriess Daniel27,Kinch Jeff28,Lancaster Alana Malinde S. N.2930ORCID,Le Manach Frédéric31ORCID,Matthews Thomas32ORCID,Ortiz Alfonso Medellín33,Morgan Alexia34,Motta Helena35,Murua Hilario36,Namboothri Naveen37,Ndiritu Evelyne38ORCID,Passfield Kelvin39,Pilcher Nicolas J.40,Portus James O.41,Rguez‐Baron Juan M.4243,Robertson Morven44,Sharma Abhilasha37,Suazo Cristián G.45ORCID,Tamini Leandro Luis46,Vilata‐Simón Juan47ORCID,Mukherjee Nibedita48ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Zoology University of Cambridge Cambridge UK

2. Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity (HIFMB) at the University of Oldenburg Oldenburg Germany

3. Alfred‐Wegener‐Institut Helmholtz‐Zentrum für Polar‐ und Meeresforschung Bremerhaven Germany

4. Fauna & Flora, The David Attenborough Building Cambridge UK

5. Department of Geography King's College London London UK

6. UN Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre Cambridge UK

7. The Nature Conservancy London UK

8. Australian Marine Conservation Society South Brisbane Queensland Australia

9. Destructive Fishing Watch Indonesia Jakarta Pusat Indonesia

10. Sea Research Foundation ‐ Mystic Aquarium and University of Connecticut Groton Connecticut USA

11. Pelagic Fisheries Consulting Ltd. Grantham Lincolnshire UK

12. Talking Transformation Ltd Impington Cambridge UK

13. Maris Seafoods Ltd/Sirena AS Warrington UK

14. Sciaena, Incubadora de Empresas da Universidade do Algarve Faro Portugal

15. Blue Ventures Bristol UK

16. School of Law University of Derby Derby UK

17. Climate, Society and Environment Research Centre University of Technology Sydney Ultimo New South Wales Australia

18. One Ocean Hub University of Strathclyde Glasgow UK

19. Global Aid for Africa Yaounde Cameroon

20. IUCN Fisheries Expert Group Rome Italy

21. Vita Maris Ltd. Papamoa New Zealand

22. Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies. UTAS Tasmania Australia

23. School of Law and Social Sciences (SoLaSS) University of the South Pacific Suva Fiji Islands

24. Sealord Group Ltd. Nelson New Zealand

25. School of Ocean Sciences Bangor University Menai Bridge UK

26. Diatom Consulting Ltd. Luxembourg Luxembourg

27. Independent Expert Vienna Austria

28. Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations Apia Samoa

29. Faculty of Law, The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus Bridgetown, West Indies Barbados

30. One Ocean Hub, Law School, University of Strathclyde, Level 2 of Lord Hope Building, University of Strathclyde, 141 St James Road, Glasgow, G4 0LT, UK University of Strathclyde Glasgow UK

31. BLOOM Paris France

32. Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Marathon Florida USA

33. Independent Expert Merida Yucatan Mexico

34. Sustainable Fisheries Partnership Honolulu Hawaii USA

35. Astreopora, Lda, Rua B Guachene Katembe Maputo Mozambique

36. International Seafood Sustainability Foundation Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA

37. Dakshin Foundation Bengaluru Karnataka India

38. Coastal Oceans Research and Development in the Indian Ocean (CORDIO East Africa) Mombasa Kenya

39. Te Ipukarea Society Tupapa Rarotonga Cook Islands

40. Marine Research Foundation Kota Kinabalu Sabah Malaysia

41. Chair Scallop Industry Consultation Group Liverton, Newton Abbot UK

42. JUSTSEA Foundation Bogota Colombia

43. Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina at Wilmington Wilmington North Carolina USA

44. Esmée Fairbairn Foundation London UK

45. Albatross Task Force BirdLife International Puerto Montt Chile

46. Programa Marino Aves Argentinas Matheu Buenos Aires Argentina

47. Independent Expert Valencia Spain

48. Department of Social and Political Sciences Brunel University London Uxbridge UK

Abstract

AbstractNumerous policy and international frameworks consider that “destructive fishing” hampers efforts to reach sustainability goals. Though ubiquitous, “destructive fishing” is undefined and therefore currently immeasurable. Here we propose a definition developed through expert consultation: “Destructive fishing is any fishing practice that causes irrecoverable habitat degradation, or which causes significant adverse environmental impacts, results in long‐term declines in target or nontarget species beyond biologically safe limits and has negative livelihood impacts.” We show strong stakeholder support for a definition, consensus on many biological and ecological dimensions, and no clustering of respondents from different sectors. Our consensus definition is a significant step toward defining sustainable fisheries goals and will help interpret and implement global political commitments which utilize the term “destructive fishing.” Our definition and results will help reinforce the Food and Agricultural Organization's Code of Conduct and meaningfully support member countries to prohibit destructive fishing practices.

Funder

Cambridge Conservation Initiative

Brunel University London

Arcadia Fund

A.G. Leventis Foundation

Isaac Newton Trust

Prince Albert II of Monaco Foundation

Publisher

Wiley

Reference34 articles.

1. Sub‐Committee on Fisheries Management Working Group | Committee on Fisheries | Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.https://www.fao.org/about/meetings/cofi/sub‐committee‐on‐fisheries‐management‐wg/en/

2. To cluster, or not to cluster: An analysis of clusterability methods

3. Sustainable development goal 14: To what degree have we achieved the 2020 targets for our oceans?

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