Predation on Live and Artificial Insect Prey Shows Different Global Latitudinal Patterns

Author:

Zvereva Elena L.1ORCID,Adroit Benjamin23ORCID,Andersson Tommi4ORCID,Barnett Craig R. A.5,Branco Sofia6,Castagneyrol Bastien7ORCID,Chiarenza Giancarlo Maria8ORCID,Dáttilo Wesley9ORCID,del‐Val Ek10ORCID,Filip Jan11ORCID,Griffith Jory12ORCID,Hargreaves Anna L.12ORCID,Hernández‐Agüero Juan Antonio1314ORCID,Silva Isabelle L. H.15ORCID,Hong Yixuan16ORCID,Kietzka Gabriella17,Klimeš Petr18ORCID,Koistinen Max19ORCID,Kruglova Oksana Y.20ORCID,Kumpula Satu21,Lopezosa Paula22,March‐Salas Marti2324ORCID,Marquis Robert J.25ORCID,Marusik Yuri M.2627ORCID,Moles Angela T.8ORCID,Muola Anne28ORCID,Murkwe Mercy29,Nakamura Akihiro30ORCID,Olson Cameron31,Pagani‐Núñez Emilio1632ORCID,Popova Anna33,Rahn Olivia12,Reshchikov Alexey34ORCID,Rodriguez‐Campbell Antonio12,Rytkönen Seppo21ORCID,Sam Katerina1835ORCID,Sounapoglou Antigoni11ORCID,Tropek Robert1118ORCID,Wenda Cheng36ORCID,Xu Guorui30ORCID,Zeng Yu16,Zolotarev Maxim37,Zubrii Natalia A.38ORCID,Zverev Vitali1ORCID,Kozlov Mikhail V.1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Biology University of Turku Turku Finland

2. Department of Palaeobiology Swedish Museum of Natural History Stockholm Sweden

3. IMBE, CNRS, IRD Aix Marseille University, Avignon University Marseille France

4. Biodiversity Unit, Kevo Subarctic Research Institute University of Turku Turku Finland

5. Department of Zoology Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University Kyoto Japan

6. Center for Environmental and Sustainability Research (CENSE), Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon Caparica Portugal

7. BIOGECO, INRAE University Bordeaux Cestas France

8. Ecology & Evolution Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences UNSW Sydney New South Wales Australia

9. Red de Ecoetología Instituto de Ecología AC Xalapa Mexico

10. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Morelia Mexico

11. Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science Charles University Prague Czech Republic

12. Department of Biology McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada

13. Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung Frankfurt am Main Germany

14. Department of Environmental Geography Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam the Netherlands

15. Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Biologia Vegetal Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Recife Brazil

16. Department of Health and Environmental Sciences Xi'an Jiaotong‐Liverpool University Suzhou China

17. Department of Mathematical Sciences Stellenbosch University Matieland South Africa

18. Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences Institute of Entomology České Budějovice Czech Republic

19. Zoological Museum, Biodiversity Unit University of Turku Turku Finland

20. Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biology Belarusian State University Minsk Belarus

21. Ecology and Genetics Research Unit University of Oulu Oulu Finland

22. Department of Ecology University of Alicante Alicante Spain

23. Plant Evolutionary Ecology, Faculty of Biological Sciences Goethe University Frankfurt Frankfurt am Main Germany

24. Area of Biodiversity and Conservation, Department of Biology and Geology, Physics and Inorganic Chemistry University Rey Juan Carlos‐ESCET, Instituto de Investigación de Cambio Global (IICG) Madrid Spain

25. Department of Biology and the Whitney R. Harris World Ecology Center University of Missouri‐St. Louis St. Louis Missouri USA

26. Institute for Biological Problems of the North Magadan Russia

27. Altai State University Barnaul Russia

28. Division of Biotechnology and Plant Health Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research Tromsø Norway

29. Department of Biology, Higher Teacher Training College University of Bamenda Bambili Cameroon

30. CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Menglun China

31. Department of Biology Sonoma State University Sebastopol California USA

32. Centre for Conservation and Restoration Science, School of Applied Sciences Edinburgh Napier University Edinburgh UK

33. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia

34. Biodiversity and Environmental Change Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Hong Kong

35. Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic

36. School of Ecology Sun Yat‐sen University Shenzhen China

37. Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Yekaterinburg Russia

38. N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Institute of Biogeography and Genetic Resources Arkhangelsk Russia

Abstract

ABSTRACTAimLong‐standing theory predicts that the intensity of biotic interactions increases from high to low latitudes. Studies addressing geographic variation in predation on insect prey have often relied on prey models, which lack many characteristics of live prey. Our goals were to explore global latitudinal patterns of predator attack rates on standardised live insect prey and to compare the patterns in predation on live insects with those on plasticine prey models.LocationGlobal forested areas.Time Period2021–2023.Major TaxaArthropods, birds.MethodsWe measured predation rates in 43 forested locations distributed across five continents from 34.1° S to 69.5° N latitude. At each location, we exposed 20 sets of three bait types, one set per tree. Each set included three live fly larvae (maggots), three live fly puparia and three plasticine models of the puparia. We used glue rings to isolate half of the sets from non‐flying predators.ResultsArthropod attack rates on plasticine prey decreased linearly from low to high latitudes, whereas attack rates on maggots had a U shaped distribution, with the lowest predation rates at temperate latitudes and the highest rates at tropical and boreal latitudes. This difference emerged from intensive predator attacks on live maggots, but not on plasticine models, in boreal sites. Site‐specific attack rates of arthropod predators on live and plasticine prey were not correlated. In contrast, bird attack rates on live maggots and plasticine models were positively correlated, but did not show significant latitudinal changes.Main ConclusionsLatitudinal patterns in predation differ between major groups of predators and between types of prey. Poleward decreases in both arthropod and combined arthropod and bird predation on plasticine models do not mirror patterns of predation on our live prey, the latter likely reflecting real patterns of predation risk better than do patterns of attack on artificial prey.

Funder

Biotieteiden ja Ympäristön Tutkimuksen Toimikunta

Carl Tryggers Stiftelse för Vetenskaplig Forskning

Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation

National Natural Science Foundation of China

Grantová Agentura České Republiky

Publisher

Wiley

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