Affiliation:
1. Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
2. Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland
3. Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Liège Liège Belgium
Abstract
AbstractBackgroundSalivary bile acids are used to diagnose extraesophageal reflux (EER) and to evaluate the risk of reflux aspiration that is associated with respiratory diseases in dogs.ObjectivesTo study total bile acid (TBA) concentrations in saliva and in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) to investigate EER and reflux aspiration in dogs with respiratory diseases and in healthy dogs.Animals Thirty‐one West Highland White Terriers (WHWTs) with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), 12 dogs with inflammatory airway disease (IAD), 6 dogs with recurrent pneumonia (RP), 26 brachycephalic dogs (BD), 27 healthy WHWTs (HW), 52 healthy dogs (HD). All privately‐owned dogs.MethodsSaliva and BALF were collected from dogs in each group.ResultsSalivary TBA concentrations were higher in IPF (median 0.1692 μM, interquartile range [IQR] 0.1115‐0.2925 μM, Cohen's d 3.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.2‐4.0, P < .001) and BD (0.0256 μM, IQR 0.0086‐0.0417 μM, d 0.5, CI −0.1 to 1.1, P = .003) compared to HD (0 μM, IQR not quantifiable [n.q.]‐0.0131 μM). Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid TBA concentrations were higher in IPF (0.0117 μM, IQR 0.0048‐0.0361 μM, d 0.5, CI 0‐1.1, P < .001) compared to HD (0 μM, IQR n.q.‐0.0074 μM).Conclusion and Clinical ImportanceExtraesophageal reflux and reflux aspiration occur in healthy dogs and those with respiratory diseases.
Funder
Suomen Eläinlääketieteen Säätiö