Human exposures to Brucella canis from a pregnant dog during an international flight: Public health risks, diagnostic challenges and future considerations

Author:

Williams Cara1ORCID,Swisher Samantha12ORCID,Miller Nicholas3,Pinn‐Woodcock Toby4,Austin Connie5,Hsiao Shih‐Hsuan6,Arenas‐Gamboa Angela M.7,Tiller Rebekah8ORCID,Thacker Tyler9,Taetzsch Sara1ORCID,Franklin‐Guild Rebecca4,Cutter Laurel1ORCID,Quance Christine9,Hung Chien‐Che6ORCID,Maddox Carol W.6,Ernst Mark10,Guarino Cassandra4,Lanka Saraswathi6,Garcia‐Gonzalez Daniel G.7,Slager Staci10,Sunavala Zenia1ORCID,Brown Clive1ORCID,Negron Maria8ORCID,Pieracci Emily G.1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Division of Global Migration Health Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta Georgia USA

2. Epidemic Intelligence Service, Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta Georgia USA

3. Elk Grove Veterinary Specialty & Emergency Elk Grove Village Illinois USA

4. Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Animal Health Diagnostic Center Cornell University Ithaca New York USA

5. Illinois Department of Public Health Springfield Illinois USA

6. Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana Illinois USA

7. Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences Texas A&M University College Station Texas USA

8. Division of High‐Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta Georgia USA

9. Mycobacteria and Brucella Section, National Veterinary Services Laboratories United States Department of Agriculture, Animal & Plant Health Inspection Service Ames Iowa USA

10. Illinois Department of Agriculture Springfield Illinois USA

Abstract

AbstractAimsThis report documents the exposure of passengers and crew of a commercial international flight to the zoonotic pathogen Brucella canis after an infected dog aborted in the passenger cabin of the aircraft. This case demonstrates the challenges associated with brucellosis screening and the risks that airline personnel, airport employees and travellers face when animals with unrecognized zoonotic infections are transported.Methods/ResultsThe public health investigation of this case was conducted by the Centers for Disease Control, the Illinois Department of Health and the Illinois Department of Agriculture, in collaboration with a local veterinary clinic and several academic and federal diagnostic laboratories. It included an extensive diagnostic evaluation of the dam and aborted foetuses to confirm a diagnosis of canine brucellosis. Passengers, airline personnel and staff from the veterinary clinic where the dogs were treated underwent risk assessments, and clinic staff also received detailed guidance regarding infection prevention practices.ConclusionsAnimal shelters and breeding programs are recommended to screen dogs routinely for brucellosis, but it is not unusual for domestic or imported animals to have unknown health histories, including the dog's brucellosis status, at the time of purchase, adoption, or re‐homing. Testing recommendations and requirements vary by state, making it challenging for state public health and animal health agencies to monitor and respond appropriately. This case highlights the importance of Brucella spp. screening in sexually intact dogs prior to breeding, purchase, or domestic or international transportation of the dogs. The transportation of pregnant dogs may present a previously unrecognized public health threat in addition to contributing to unnecessary stress and health risks for pregnant animals.

Publisher

Wiley

Reference49 articles.

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3. Brucella Multiplex Testing for DogsCornell University College of veterinary medicine.https://www.vet.cornell.edu/animal‐health‐diagnostic‐center/testing/protocols‐and‐interpretations/brucellaMultiplex#:~:text=The%20test%20is%20based%20on specific%20antibodies%20in%20canine%20serum

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