Prevalence of energy drink consumption world‐wide: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Author:

Aonso‐Diego Gema1,Krotter Andrea1ORCID,García‐Pérez Ángel2

Affiliation:

1. Department of Psychology University of Oviedo Oviedo Spain

2. Department of Psychology, Sociology and Philosophy University of León León Spain

Abstract

AbstractBackground and aimsThe increasing market for energy drinks (EDs) in recent years, as well as the health risks caused by their consumption, prompt calls to estimate the prevalence of ED use among different countries. This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to synthesize the prevalence of ED use in different continents and age groups.MethodWe searched two databases (i.e. PubMed and PsycInfo) on 31 March 2023 to identify studies reporting the prevalence of ED use. A total of 192 studies (196 distinct samples; n = 1 120 613; 53.37% males) from the United States, Europe, Asia, Oceania and Africa were included in the analysis. A random‐effects model was applied to estimate the overall pooled prevalence at several time‐periods. Subgroup analyses were performed to provide prevalence based on continent and age group. The quality of articles was assessed using Joana Brigg's Institute (JBI) critical appraisal checklist. Measurements included prevalence of ED use (i.e. life‐time, past 12 months, past 30 days, past 7 days and daily use), continent and age group (i.e. children, adolescents, young adults and adults).ResultsThe life‐time ED use world‐wide‐pooled prevalence was estimated to be 54.7% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 48.8–60.6; I2 = 99.80], 43.4% (95% CI = 36.1–50.6; I2 = 99.92) in the past 12 months, 32.3% (95% CI = 28.8–35.8; I2 = 99.82) in the past 30 days, 21.6% (95% CI = 18.7–24.5; I2 = 99.95) in the past 7 days and 8.82% (95% CI = 6.3–11.4; I2 = 99.95) daily ED use. Subgroups analyses showed significant differences in ED life‐time use within age groups (P = 0.002) and continents (P = 0.035).ConclusionsThe world‐wide prevalence of energy drink use appears to be high, particularly among adolescents and young adults.

Funder

Gobierno del Principado de Asturias

Publisher

Wiley

Subject

Psychiatry and Mental health,Medicine (miscellaneous)

Reference249 articles.

1. Health Effects and Public Health Concerns of Energy Drink Consumption in the United States: A Mini-Review

2. Health Effects of Energy Drinks on Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults

3. Energy Beverages: Content and Safety

4. Oregon Consulting Group.U.S. energy drinks industry report.2022. Available from:https://business.uoregon.edu/sites/default/files/media/energy-drink-industry-report.pdf. Accessed 3 November 2023.

5. STATISTA.Energy & sports drinks—Europe.2023. Available from:https://www.statista.com/outlook/cmo/non-alcoholic-drinks/soft-drinks/energy-sports-drinks/europe. Accessed 3 November 2023.

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