Salutogenic health measures: Psychometric properties of the Danish versions of the Flourish Index and the Secure Flourish Index

Author:

Stripp Tobias Anker1234ORCID,Cowden Richard G.3ORCID,Wehberg Sonja1ORCID,Ahrenfeldt Linda Juel15ORCID,Hvidt Niels Christian16ORCID,Lee Matthew T.37ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Research Unit for General Practice, Department of Public Health University of Southern Denmark Odense Denmark

2. Department of Epidemiology Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Cambridge Massachusetts USA

3. Human Flourishing Program, Institute for Quantitative Social Science Harvard University Cambridge Massachusetts USA

4. Center for Science and Faith, Faculty of Theology University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark

5. Unit for Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Department of Public Health University of Southern Denmark Odense Denmark

6. Academy for Geriatric Cancer Research (AgeCare) Odense University Hospital Odense Denmark

7. Institute for Studies of Religion Baylor University Waco Texas USA

Abstract

Measurement of human flourishing represents a salutogenic approach to epidemiological and behavioral research emphasizing factors contributing to “good lives” rather than pathology. The objective of this study was to translate and psychometrically test the 10‐item Flourish Index (FI) and 12‐item Secure Flourish Index (SFI) in a convenience sample of Danish adults. A total of 325 participants completed a cross‐sectional survey, with 148 of those participants completing the survey a second time (retest). Confirmatory factor analysis in a structural equation modelling framework was used to establish structural validity by comparing four different pre‐specified models of the indexes. Additionally, internal consistency, convergent and incremental validity, and retest reliability were examined. The FI models exhibited superior structural validity compared with similar models of the SFI, although all models had good fits. Internal consistencies with McDonald's omega were 0.89 and 0.87 for the FI and SFI, respectively. The five (FI) or six (SFI) domains were happiness & life satisfaction, mental & physical health, meaning & purpose, character & virtue, close social relationships, and financial & material stability (λ4 = 0.51–0.91). Convergent and incremental validity tests supported predefined hypotheses. Retest analyses with the FI and SFI showed a high degree of retest reliability. Based on the psychometric evidence reported in this study, the Danish Flourish Index and Secure Flourish Index seem suitable for use with healthy adult Danes. The authors hope that this psychometric evaluation of the FI and SFI will stimulate research on patterns, health and economic outcomes, and predictors of human flourishing in Denmark.

Funder

Kræftens Bekæmpelse

Syddansk Universitet

Danmarks Lungeforening

Publisher

Wiley

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