High common‐γ cytokine receptor levels promote expression of Interleukin‐2/Interleukin‐7 receptor α‐chains with implications on T‐cell differentiation and function

Abstract

AbstractCytokines of the common‐γ receptor chain (γc) family are crucial for T‐cell differentiation and dysregulation of γc cytokine pathways is involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. There is increasing evidence that the availability of the γc receptor (CD132) for the associated receptor chains has implications for T‐cell functions. Here we studied the influence of differential γc expression on the expression of the IL‐2Rα (CD25), the IL‐7Rα (CD127) and the differentiation of activated naïve T cells. We fine‐tuned the regulation of γc expression in human primary naïve T cells by lentiviral transduction using small hairpin (sh)RNAs and γc cDNA. Differential γc levels were then analysed for effects on T‐cell phenotype and function after activation. Differential γc expression markedly affected IL‐2Rα and IL‐7Rα expression on activated naïve T cells. High γc expression (γc‐high) induced significantly higher expression of IL‐2Rα and re‐expression of IL‐7Rα after activation. Inhibition of γc caused lower IL‐2Rα/IL‐7Rα expression and impaired proliferation of activated naïve T cells. In contrast, γc‐high T cells secreted significantly higher concentrations of effector cytokines (i.e., IFN‐γ, IL‐6) and showed higher cytokine‐receptor induced STAT5 phosphorylation during initial stages as well as persistently higher pSTAT1 and pSTAT3 levels after activation. Finally, accelerated transition towards a CD45RO expressing effector/memory phenotype was seen especially for CD4+ γc‐high naïve T cells. These results suggested that high expression of γc promotes expression of IL‐2Rα and IL‐7Rα on activated naïve T cells with significant effects on differentiation and effector cytokine expression.