Abstract
In the isolated, lumen‐perfused, stomach preparation of the mouse, metiamide was found by kinetic analysis to behave like a simple competitive antagonist of histamine‐stimulated acid secretion. However, the pKB estimate of 5.08 was significantly lower than that found in guinea‐pig atrium (6.0) or rat uterus (6.1) suggesting that H2‐receptors might not be homogeneous.
A similar analysis showed that atropine also behaved like a simple competitive antagonist of bethanechol‐stimulated acid secretion and the estimated pKB (7.65) was significantly lower than the standard estimate of this parameter in guinea‐pig ileum (9.0). Either the muscarinic cholinoceptors in mouse stomach were also anomalous or the preparation was introducing a systematic error. Lumen perfusion might distort this type of kinetic analysis by allowing steady‐state conditions but not true equilibrium to develop at the receptor compartment due to loss of antagonist into the gastric secretion. Drug interactions at receptors in the muscle layers of the stomach would be expected to be much less sensitive to this error.
When the atropine‐bethanechol interaction was measured on the contraction of the isolated, lumen‐perfused, stomach of the mouse the necessary conditions for simple competition were not met even though the sensitivity to atropine was obviously increased. The criteria for the expected simple competition were being obscured by events at low antagonist concentrations. Alterations in agonist or antagonist concentrations could be more or less eliminated so that physiological antagonism, perhaps by release of 5‐hydroxytryptamine, was considered. This was supported, to some extent, by finding that, when stomachs from animals pretreated with reserpine were used, the kinetic analysis was normalized and gave a pKB of 8.99. Apparently, the muscarinic receptors in mouse stomach are homogeneous with those in other tissues.
Therefore, we conclude that our results no more point to heterogeneity among histamine receptors than they point to differences in muscarinic cholinoceptors because this type of kinetic analysis can be readily distorted by special features of the measuring system.