1. Department of Infectious Diseases The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
2. Department of Internal Medicine University of Connecticut School of Medicine Farmington Connecticut USA
3. School of Mathematics and Statistics Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
4. Division of Gastroenterology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
5. Department of Endocrinology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
6. China‐Australia Joint Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre Xi'an China
7. Artificial Intelligence and Modelling in Epidemiology Program, Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health Melbourne Australia
8. Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine Monash University Melbourne Australia
9. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
10. National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
11. Global Health Institute, School of Public Health Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center Xi'an China
12. Shaanxi Provincial Clinical Medical Research Center of Infectious Diseases Xi'an China
13. Key Laboratory of Surgical Critical Care and Life Support (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education Xi'an China
14. Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cedars‐Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles California USA