1. 36. Hales v. Pittman, 576 P.2d 493 (Ariz. 1978) (discussing the battery count of the plaintiff's complaint).
2. 105. “Any individual” applies to any patient presenting himself or herself in a hospital emergency room regardless of ability to pay. Ballachino v. Buffalo Medical Group, No. 92-CV-216C, (W.D. N.Y. January 27, 1993), 1993 U.S. Dist. Lexis 909; Woessner v. Freeport Memorial Hospital, No. 91 C 20005, (N.D. Ill. January 11, 1993), 1993 U.S. Dist. Lexis 160; Urban v. King, 783 F. Supp. 560, 562 (D. Kan. 1992); Collins v. DePaul Hosp., 963 F.2d 303, 308 (10th Cir. 1992).
3. 156. Such judicial decisions have changed institutional provider behavior. The decision by the Alaska Supreme Court in Jackson, for example, led plaintiff's attorneys in Alaska to include hospitals in every suit they brought against individual physicians. Some hospitals in Alaska responded to this by deciding to hire their own emergency room physicians so the hospital would not have to worry about being joined in suits brought against independent contractor physicians. See Health Week, June 6, 1988, P. 1, 33.
4. “The Economics and Politics of Emergency Health Care for the Poor: The Patient Dumping Dilemma,”;Hylton;Brig. Y. U. L. Rev.,1986
5. 140. Gonzales v. Nork.