1. Univ Brest, CNRS, Ifremer, Unité Biologie et Ecologie des Ecosystèmes marins Profonds BEEP, UMR 6197, IRP 1211 MicrobSea, IUEM, Rue Dumont d'Urville Plouzané F‐29280 France
2. Department of Biological Sciences University of Southern California Los Angeles CA 90089 USA
3. Department of Earth Sciences University of Southern California Los Angeles CA 90089 USA