Arthropod traits as proxies for abundance trends in the Azorean Islands

Author:

Oyarzabal Guilherme1ORCID,Cardoso Pedro23ORCID,Rigal François14ORCID,Boieiro Mário56ORCID,Santos Ana M. C.178ORCID,Amorim Isabel R.69ORCID,Malumbres‐Olarte Jagoba13ORCID,Costa Ricardo13ORCID,Lhoumeau Sébastien1ORCID,Pozsgai Gábor1ORCID,Gabriel Rosalina1ORCID,Borges Paulo A. V.156ORCID

Affiliation:

1. cE3c‐ Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group & CHANGE – Global Change and Sustainability Institute, School of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of the Azores Azores Portugal

2. cE3c‐ Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, CHANGE – Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon Lisbon Portugal

3. LIBRe – Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland

4. Institut Des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico Chimie pour L'environnement et les Materiaux UMR5254, Comité National de la Recherche Scientifique ‐ University de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour Pau France

5. IUCN SSC Species Monitoring Specialist Group, Angra do Heroísmo Azores Portugal

6. cE3c‐ Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Azorean Biodiversity Group, CHANGE – Global Change and Sustainability Institute, and University of the Azores Angra do Heroísmo Portugal

7. Terrestrial Ecology Group (TEG‐UAM), Departamento de Ecología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Madrid Spain

8. Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC‐UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Madrid Spain

9. IUCN SSC Atlantic Islands Invertebrates Specialist Group, Angra do Heroísmo Azores Portugal

Abstract

Human activities drive ecological transformation, impacting island ecosystems from species diversity to ecological traits, mainly through habitat degradation and invasive species. Using two unique long‐term datasets we aim to evaluate whether species traits (body size, trophic level, dispersal capacity and habitat occupancy) can predict temporal variations in the abundance of endemic, indigenous (endemic and native non‐endemic) and exotic arthropods in the Azores Islands. We found that body size is crucial to predict arthropod abundance trends. Small‐bodied herbivorous arthropods showed a decrease in abundance, while large‐bodied indigenous arthropods increased in abundance, mainly in well‐preserved areas. Also, large‐bodied exotic arthropods increased in abundance across the entire archipelago. Moreover, endemic canopy dwellers increased in abundance, while endemic ground‐dwellers decreased in abundance. Simultaneously, exotic arthropods showed the opposite result, increasing in abundance in the ground while decreasing in abundance in the canopy. Finally, habitat influenced both endemic and exotic spider abundance trends. Endemic spiders that occupy solely natural habitats experienced a decline in abundance, while exotic spiders in the same habitats increased in abundance. Our study underscores the significance of arthropod species traits in predicting abundance changes in island ecosystems over time, as well as the importance of monitoring species communities. Conservation efforts must extend beyond endangered species to protect non‐threatened ones, given the increased extinction risk faced by even common species on islands. Monitoring and restoration programs are essential for preserving island ecosystems and safeguarding endemic arthropod populations.

Publisher

Wiley

Reference103 articles.

1. Azorean biodiversity portal 2024

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