1. Environmental Science and Management Portland State University Box 751 Portland OR 97207‐0751 U.S.A.
2. Department of Biology University of Portland 5000 Willamette Boulevard Portland OR 97203 U.S.A.
3. Department of Environmental Studies University of Portland 5000 Willamette Boulevard Portland OR 97203 U.S.A.
4. Upper Deschutes Watershed Council 700 NW Hill Street #1 Bend OR 97703 U.S.A.
5. School of Geography University of Nottingham, University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD U.K.
6. Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute Florida Atlantic University Fort Pierce FL 34946 U.S.A.
7. Department of Earth Sciences University of Hawaii at Mānoa 1680 East‐West Road Honolulu HI 96822 U.S.A.