Medications and cognitive risk in Aboriginal primary care: a cross‐sectional study

Author:

Holdaway Marycarol1,Hyde Zoë2ORCID,Hughson Jo‐anne1,Malay Roslyn2,Stafford Andrew3,Fulford Kate2,Radford Kylie4,Flicker Leon2ORCID,Smith Kate5ORCID,Pond Dimity6,Russell Sarah7,Atkinson David8,Blackberry Irene9,LoGiudice Dina110ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Medicine University of Melbourne Melbourne Victoria Australia

2. Western Australian Centre for Health and Ageing University of Western Australia Perth Western Australia Australia

3. Curtin Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences Curtin University Perth Western Australia Australia

4. Neuroscience Research Australia Sydney New South Wales Australia

5. Centre for Aboriginal Medical and Dental Health University of Western Australia Perth Western Australia Australia

6. Department of General Practice University of Newcastle Newcastle New South Wales Australia

7. College of Medicine and Dentistry James Cook University Cairns Queensland Australia

8. Rural Clinical School University of Western Australia Broome Western Australia Australia

9. La Trobe University, John Richards Centre for Rural Ageing Research Wodonga Victoria Australia

10. Department Aged Care Royal Melbourne Hospital Melbourne Victoria Australia

Abstract

AbstractBackgroundAboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people are ageing with high rates of comorbidity, yet little is known about suboptimal prescribing in this population.AimThe prevalence of potentially suboptimal prescribing and associated risk factors were investigated among older patients attending primary care through Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Services (ACCHSs).MethodsMedical records of 420 systematically selected patients aged ≥50 years attending urban, rural and remote health services were audited. Polypharmacy (≥ 5 prescribed medications), potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) as per Beers Criteria and anticholinergic burden (ACB) were estimated and associated risk factors were explored with logistic regression.ResultsThe prevalence of polypharmacy, PIMs and ACB score ≥3 was 43%, 18% and 12% respectively. In multivariable logistic regression analyses, polypharmacy was less likely in rural (odds ratio (OR) = 0.43, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.24–0.77) compared to urban patients, and more likely in those with heart disease (OR = 2.62, 95% CI = 1.62–4.25), atrial fibrillation (OR = 4.25, 95% CI = 1.08–16.81), hypertension (OR = 2.14, 95% CI = 1.34–3.44), diabetes (OR = 2.72, 95% CI = 1.69–4.39) or depression (OR = 1.91, 95% CI = 1.19–3.06). PIMs were more frequent in females (OR = 1.88, 95% CI = 1.03–3.42) and less frequent in rural (OR = 0.41, 95% CI = 0.19–0.85) and remote (OR = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.29–1.18) patients. Factors associated with PIMs were kidney disease (OR = 2.60, 95% CI = 1.37–4.92), urinary incontinence (OR = 3.00, 95% CI = 1.02–8.83), depression (OR = 2.67, 95% CI = 1.50–4.77), heavy alcohol use (OR = 2.83, 95% CI = 1.39–5.75) and subjective cognitive concerns (OR = 2.69, 95% CI = 1.31–5.52). High ACB was less common in rural (OR = 0.10, 95% CI = 0.03–0.34) and remote (OR = 0.51, 95% CI = 0.25–1.04) patients and more common in those with kidney disease (OR = 3.07, 95% CI = 1.50–6.30) or depression (OR = 3.32, 95% CI = 1.70–6.47).ConclusionAssociations between potentially suboptimal prescribing and depression or cognitive concerns highlight the importance of considering medication review and deprescribing for these patients.

Funder

National Health and Medical Research Council

Publisher

Wiley

Subject

Internal Medicine

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