Antibiotic usage in 14 equine practices over a 10‐year period (2012–2021)

Author:

Tallon Rose E.1ORCID,Whitt Brian2,Bladon Bruce M.1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Donnington Grove Veterinary Group Berkshire UK

2. Eclipse Veterinary Software Ltd Essex UK

Abstract

AbstractBackgroundMonitoring antibiotic usage is an important part of tackling antimicrobial resistance. The use of computerised records for monitoring has been previously described in the equine sector but there is currently no consensus on metrics used to report usage.ObjectivesTo document antibiotic use in equine practices in the United Kingdom over a 10‐year period using commercially available practice management software.Study designRetrospective survey.MethodsA custom antibiotic usage report was created using Eclipse® practice management software. Participating practices were given instructions on how to generate the usage report. Annual reports were requested for a 10‐year period (2012–2021 inclusive). Each report provided sales of each class of antibiotic in total mg and in mg/kg, based on the number of equids treated (for any transaction) and their average weight. The defined daily dose for animals (DDDvet) and the DDD/1000 (used in people) were also calculated to correct for variation in dosage rates between antibiotics.ResultsFourteen practices submitted data for an annual maximum of 107 977 horses. Overall, median annual antibiotic usage was 54.25 mg/kg (range 45.34–60.27 mg/kg), 1.52 defined daily doses/animal/year (range 1.39–1.70) and 4.17 defined daily dose/1000 animals (range 3.82–4.66). Overall median highest priority critically important antimicrobial usage was 0.67 mg/kg (range 0.56–1.71), 0.12 defined daily doses/animal/year (range 0.10–0.14) and 0.33 defined daily dose/1000 animals (range 0.29–0.39).Main limitationsThe software relied on the accurate identification of antibiotic preparations. The calculation of DDDvet was complicated by the varying dose rates of antimicrobials used in equine practice.ConclusionsA reliable technique to measure antibiotic usage is presented. Defined daily dosage calculations may be more helpful in equine practice due to the preponderance of potentiated sulphonamides usage. These data and methods may provide the basis for future clinical audits aiming to enhance antimicrobial stewardship.

Publisher

Wiley

Subject

General Medicine

Reference13 articles.

1. Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019: a systematic analysis

2. O'NeillJ.The review on antimicrobial resistance. Tackling drug resistant infections globally: Final report and recommendations.2016Available from:https://amr-review.org[accessed 4 April 2023]

3. Evaluation of veterinary antimicrobial benchmarking systems at farm‐level in Europe: implications for the UK ruminant sector

4. WHO.ATC‐DDD Toolkit. Available from:https://www.who.int/tools/atc-ddd-toolkit

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