Elevational patterns and assembly processes of multifaceted bird diversity in a subtropical mountain system

Author:

Lin Haoxian12ORCID,Wang Xiaoyi12,Zhong Maojun1,Tang Ke1,Du Yuanbao3ORCID,Xu Haigen4,Yi Jianfeng4,Liu Wei4,Hu Junhua12ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Chengdu Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu China

2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

3. Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

4. Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China Nanjing China

Abstract

AbstractAimMountain systems harbour disproportionate biodiversity on Earth. However, the mechanism underlying community assembly along elevational gradients remains unclear due to the complexity of environmental constraints and biotic interactions. Birds play a crucial role in mountain system and are sensitive to environmental changes, making them an ideal taxon for exploring diversity patterns and the underlying assembly processes. We aimed to identify the elevational patterns of multifaceted bird diversity and explore how different ecological processes drive community assembly.LocationA 2600 m elevational gradient on the eastern margin of the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau.MethodsWe identified the elevational patterns and assembly processes of alpha‐ and beta‐diversity in the taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional dimensions. We compared the multidimensional beta‐diversity components and assessed the response of beta‐diversity to variations in elevational and environmental distances. Finally, we examined the roles of spatial and environmental factors in structuring the diversity patterns.ResultsWe observed bimodal elevational patterns across species richness, phylogenetic diversity, and functional diversity but distinct community structures in terms of mean pairwise phylogenetic, and functional diversity. We detected a linear decline in phylogenetic and functional diversity with increasing elevation after controlling for the confounding effect of species richness. We documented relatively high taxonomic and phylogenetic total beta‐diversity, but low functional total beta‐diversity. Turnover dissimilarity contributed much more to total beta‐diversity than nestedness‐resultant dissimilarity. The elevational patterns of standardised measures indicated that competition exclusion and environmental filtering jointly shaped the community assembly process. In general, mean annual temperature, annual precipitation, and area significantly influenced the majority of diversity measures.ConclusionsOur results revealed incongruent community structures across phylogenetic and functional diversity. Additionally, our results indicated that species with similar ecological performances or distinct lineages may exhibit convergent adaptations to cold and dry environments. These findings provide insights into the mechanistic understanding of the community assembly process and assist in conservation planning in mountain systems by integrating multifaceted diversity across different dimensions.

Funder

National Natural Science Foundation of China

Publisher

Wiley

Reference96 articles.

1. Elevational Gradients in Bird Diversity in the Eastern Himalaya: An Evaluation of Distribution Patterns and Their Underlying Mechanisms

2. Bartoń K.(2023).MuMIn: Multi‐model inference. R package version 1.47.5.https://CRAN.R‐project.org/package=MuMIn

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