Synthesis and structural characterization of N,N′-diarylpiperazine N,N′-dioxide tetrahydrates (aryl = o-tolyl, p-tolyl, p-chlorophenyl)

Abstract

The synthesis and X-ray structure determination of N,N′-di(o-tolyl)piperazine N,N′-dioxide tetrahydrate, I, N,N′-di(p-tolyl)piperazine N,N′-dioxide tetrahydrate, II, and N,N′-di(p-chlorophenyl)piperazine N,N′-dioxide tetrahydrate, III, are described. Compound I crystallizes in space group [Formula: see text] with a = 7.778(1), b = 7.915(2), c = 8.919(2) Å, α = 106.25(2), β = 99.56(1), γ = 108.80(2)°, and Z = 1. Compound II crystallizes in space group [Formula: see text] with a = 6.558(1), b = 7.134(2), c = 11.610(3) Å; α = 73.23(2), β = 78.08(2), γ = 72.67(2)°, and Z = 1. Compound III crystallizes in space group P21/c with a = 9.159(3), b = 12.390(4), c = 8.339(4) Å, β = 97.38(3)°, and Z = 2. The structures of I–III were solved by the direct method and refined to R = 0.049 (1749 observed MoKα reflections), 0.055 (2651 observed reflections), and 0.035 (1827 observed reflections), respectively. In each case, the N,N′-dioxide molecule occupies a site of symmetry [Formula: see text]. The piperazine ring takes the chair form, with two N—O bonds oriented axially in a trans configuration. The structures are characterized by strong hydrogen bonding between the water molecules, as well as between the N-oxide groups and water molecules, giving rise to puckered layers composed of various combinations of edge-sharing four-membered, six-membered, ten-membered, and twelve-membered rings. The aryl rings, which protrude on both sides of each puckered layer, constitute hydrophobic regions separating the hydrophilic layers in the crystal packing.