Pyridoxal-5′-phosphate (MC-1), a vitamin B6 derivative, inhibits expressed P2X receptors

Abstract

P2X receptors are cation-permeable ligand-gated ion channels that open in response to the binding of ATP. These receptors are present in many excitable cells, including neurons, striated muscle cells, epithelial cells, and leukocytes. They mediate fast excitatory neurotransmission in the central and peripheral nervous systems and are thought to be involved in neuropathic pain, inflammation, and cell damage following ischemia–reperfusion injuries. P2X receptors are thus a target for the development of new therapeutics to treat chronic pain and inflammation. In this study, we characterized the inhibition caused by pyridoxal-5′-phosphate, a natural metabolite of vitamin B6 (MC-1), of P2X2, P2X4, P2X7, and P2X2/3 receptors stably expressed in HEK293 cells using the patch-clamp technique in the whole-cell configuration. We also tested a new approach using VC6.1, a modified cameleon calcium-sensitive fluorescent protein, to characterize the inhibition of P2X2 and P2X2/3. MC-1 blocked these two P2X receptors, with an IC50 of 7 and 13 μmol/L, respectively. P2X2 exhibited the highest affinity for VC6.1, and the chimeric receptor P2X2/3, the lowest. The patch-clamp and imaging approaches gave similar results and indicated that VC6.1 may be useful for high throughput drug screening. Pyridoxal-5′-phosphate is an efficient P2X blocker and can be classified as a P2X antagonist.