Echolocation and foraging behaviour in the Hawaiian hoary bat, Lasiurus cinereus semotus

Abstract

Free-flying individual Lasiurus cinereus semotus were observed as they foraged near incandescent lights on the island of Kauai, Hawaii. Two types of vocalizations were recorded from the bats: an echolocation–hunting signal with peak frequency of 27.8 kHz and an agonistic social signal, emitted while the bats were in aggressive pursuit of one another, with a peak frequency of 9.6 kHz. The tendency to vocalize agonistically increased with increased numbers of bats in the foraging area and increased as the density of insects available to the hunting bats decreased. Our observations suggest that the bats may gather echolocation information from their social signals. The bats at the site foraged under most weather conditions, including fog, moderate rain, strong winds, and temperatures as low as 13 °C. Groups of up to eight animals were common, although bats hunted in airspaces that were vigorously defended against other individuals. Small flies and small moths (< 10 mm body length) were the most common insects available as prey, but larger moths (16–20 mm) made up the bulk of the bats' diet. Moths larger than 20 mm were available but not fed on by the bats. This unique study site provides a rare opportunity to compare both prey availability to prey consumption in a population of bats. Our results suggest that this bat, at least on a short-term basis, exhibits a high degree of selectivity in its foraging, a behaviour similar to the mainland subspecies.