Removing the big rip singularity from anisotropic universe in super string theory

Abstract

Recently, various observational data predict the possibility that dark energy could be in the form of phantom field. The positive phantom-energy density grows without limit with the expansion of the Universe and leads to a big-rip singularity at a finite future time. The main question arises: what is the origin of the big rip singularity in a four-dimensional Universe? To answer this question, in this paper, we propose a new model in super string theory that allows taking into account the Dirac and vector string tachyon in addition to the scalar one, which stretches between branes and antibranes. In this model, scalar and Dirac string tachyons cancel each other’s effects and the only effect induced by the vector tachyon can be observed in density and pressures of the universe. We observe that different scale factors, pressures, and dark energy equation of state parameters are produced in different directions because of inhomogeneous tachyon dynamics and consequently one anisotropic universe is formed. Also, these observations are given in terms of effective tachyon potential and the separation between branes and antibranes. Thus, we have shown that the expansion of the anisotropic Universe is controlled by the vector string tachyon and evolves from the non-phantom phase to the phantom one and consequently, the phantom-dominated era of the universe accelerates and ends up in a big-rip singularity.