Yeast profilin mutants inhibit classical nuclear import and alter the balance between actin and tubulin levels

Abstract

Profilin is a small protein that controls actin polymerization in yeast and higher eukaryotes. In addition, profilin has emerged as a multifunctional protein that contributes to other processes in multicellular organisms. This study focuses on profilin (Pfy1) in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The primary sequences of yeast Pfy1 and its metazoan orthologs diverge vastly. However, structural elements of profilin are conserved among different species. To date, the full spectrum of Pfy1 functions has yet to be defined. The current work explores the possible involvement of yeast profilin in nuclear protein import. To this end, a panel of well-characterized yeast profilin mutants was evaluated. The experiments demonstrate that yeast profilin ( i) regulates nuclear protein import, ( ii) determines the subcellular localization of essential nuclear transport factors, and ( iii) controls the relative abundance of actin and tubulin. Together, these results define yeast profilin as a moonlighting protein that engages in multiple essential cellular activities.