1. Department of Civil Engineering, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1B 3X5, Canada.
2. C-CORE, Captain Robert A Bartlett Building, Morrissey Road, St. John’s, NL A1B 3X5, Canada.
3. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, 447 Davis Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720-1710, USA.