Evaluation of static liquefaction potential of silty sand slopes

Author:

Lade Poul V.12,Yamamuro Jerry A.12

Affiliation:

1. Department of Civil Engineering, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA.

2. School of Civil and Construction Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.

Abstract

The mechanism of instability in granular soils is explained and its requirement as a forerunner to the liquefaction of level or sloping ground is described. Case histories support the observation that it is silty sands that liquefy under static and a majority of earthquake-induced conditions. Recent experiments show that clean sands do not behave similarly to silty sands. Tests on loose, silty sand indicate a “reverse” behavior with respect to confining pressure and this violates the basic assumption that loose, silty sands behave similarly to loose, clean sands. Strong correlations between fines content, compressibility, and liquefaction potential are often found for these soils. A procedure for the analysis and evaluation of static liquefaction of slopes of fine sand and silt, such as submarine slopes, mine tailings, and spoil heaps, is presented. It involves determination of the region of instability in stress space in which potential liquefaction may be initiated and determination of the state of stress in the slope. A method of finding the state of stress is developed to predict the zone of potential liquefaction in simple slopes. Trigger mechanisms for initiation of instability followed by soil liquefaction are reviewed and mechanisms of soil strengthening are discussed.

Publisher

Canadian Science Publishing

Subject

Civil and Structural Engineering,Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology

Reference94 articles.

1. Andresen, A., and Bjerrum, L. 1967. Slides in subaqueous slopes in loose sand and silt. Publication No. 81. Norwegian Geotechnical Institute, Oslo, Norway.

2. Correcting Liquefaction Resistance for Aged Sands Using Measured to Estimated Velocity Ratio

3. Liquefaction Sand Boils in San Francisco during 1989 loma prieta earthquake

4. Stress–dilatancy in very loose sand

5. Bjerrum, L. 1971. Subaqueous slope failures in Norwegian fjords. Publication No. 88. Norwegian Geotechnical Institute, Oslo, Norway.

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