Polymorphism of ESR, FSHß, RBP4, PRL, OPN genes and their influence on morphometric traits of gilt reproductive tract before sexual maturity

Abstract

The aim of the study was to examine the effect of gene polymorphism on the development of the reproductive system in 100 Polish Large White and 100 Polish Landrace gilts. Gilts were slaughtered when they reached 100 kg, and their uterus weight and length, as well as the ovary weight and volume were evaluated. Differences between gilts of both breeds were observed in some traits of the reproductive system, such as the uterine weight without the broad ligament (P ≤ 0.05) and the uterine capacity (P ≤ 0.01). Polish Landrace gilts were characterized with higher uterine weight and higher uterine capacity; they were also younger at the time of slaughter (P ≤ 0.05). No BB homozygote relative to the oestrogen receptor gene was found in the examined populations of Polish Landrace gilts. Also, a very low number of gilts with the AA genotype relative to follicle stimulating hormone gene was observed in both populations. Polymorphism of the examined genes had an effect on numerous traits which define the size of particular uterine sections, and thus it influenced the development of potential fertility of gilts before they entered the reproductive cycle. Based on our results we can conclude that genetic determination of reproductive potential occurs already in prepubertal gilts. The results may be used for the prognosis of fertility potential in gilts.