1. School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California;
2. Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine,
3. Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado;
4. Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Cambia Palliative Care Center of Excellence, and
5. Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine,
6. South Shore Health, Weymouth, Massachusetts;
7. Department of Anesthesiology and
8. Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York;
9. Department of Pulmonary Critical Care, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana;
10. Evergreen Health Care, Kirkland, Washington;
11. Department of Vascular Surgery, School of Medicine, Tufts University, Maine Medical Center, Portland, Maine;
12. Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York;
13. Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington;
14. School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado;
15. Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont; and
16. Department of Veterans Affairs, Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Aurora, Colorado