1. Program on Ethics and Decision Making, Department of Critical Care Medicine, and
2. Section of Palliative Care and Medical Ethics, Department of General Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
3. Palliative and Supportive Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and
4. Division of Geriatric Medicine and Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania