Abstract
Abstract
At realistic surfactant concentrations used in fracturing fluid additives, the differences in the average strengths of shale exposed to solutions of these additives are not sufficient to establish a direct correlation between the chemical effect of the surfactants and the mechanical strength of the formation. Prior studies of formations with high quartz content suggest that the adsorption of surfactant on the surface alters formation strength. In this study, using Mancos shale samples, the rock mineralogy, total organic carbon and cation exchange capacity of the Mancos shale samples were determined in order to characterize the shale. Adsorption tests to study the interaction of the shale and aqueous fluid mixture were also carried out using surface tension measurements. The uniaxial compressive strengths and indirect tensile strengths of about 100 rock samples exposed to different fluid environments were measured using unconfined compression and Brazilian tests respectively. Microseismic events, possibly due to microfracture generation or growth, are known to continue for some time as stresses relax after shutdown of hydraulic fracture pumps. Hence, the study of the role of surface chemical effects in compression and tensile fracturing is important in determining whether rock/fluid chemistry can be exploited to improve the growth of conductive microfractures.
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8 articles.
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