Abstract
Abstract
The implementation of coiled tubing (CT) conveyance automation in the North Sea represents the first step toward autonomous CT operations. It is also the first documented case of autonomous conveyance in CT interventions in the world. This new technology delivers repeatable, consistent running speeds while monitoring the key safety parameters in real time, reacting automatically if any anomaly is detected. The system provides higher efficiency by achieving faster safe running speeds and is a building block towards reducing the size of the offshore crew by enabling remote operations.
The present technology leverages an advanced edge system placed in the CT unit to achieve true autonomous conveyance. Based on the job plan and equipment information, the system generates and executes the correct steps to achieve the operational goals, controlling the equipment to run at the maximum safe speed and performing tasks like pull tests or slowing down at the restrictions. An advanced real-time mechanical model calculates the safe weight operating limits and automatically slows down or stops if any anomaly is detected.
Operations using CT conveyance automation were started offshore in February 2022, and the system was tested in ten runs. It consistently achieved the required running speeds in those run-in-hole (RIH) and pull-out-of-hole (POOH) activities where it was enabled, and it kept them more constant and controlled than during manual conveyance. In one of the field test jobs, the system conveyed the CT at 25 m/min, a 25% increase compared to the maximum speed traditionally used in manual operations. During automation operations, 85% of the running meters were executed autonomously; remaining manual activities were identified and mainly corresponded to pull tests. Automation of such activities are the next target of the automation scope. The usability of the system was also demonstrated, with any user being able to operate it after a short 1-hour competency training. The users remained present and in control during the entire execution and had the ability to recover manual control at any time. The system can also fully operate without connectivity. However, when network connection is available, it also provides high-quality real-time health and diagnostics data (depth, speed, weights, and automation safety limits) for remote monitoring of operational performance.
This first worldwide implementation of CT autonomous conveyance contributes to increased operational consistency and efficiency of well interventions. The software architecture has a layer of abstraction from the specific CT hardware, simplifying the portability of the technology to other units, offshore or onshore. The results of the system implementation in offshore Norway are a reference for the rest of the industry, paving the way to autonomous CT operations and the potential benefits that they can provide.