Perforating for Stimulation: Techniques, Challenges, Considerations, and Efficient Workflows

Abstract

AbstractConnecting the wellbore and reservoir rock systems through perforating is the primary mechanism to provide a flow path for hydrocarbons. In stimulation, this pathway becomes two dimensional (in functionality) because it is required to facilitate injection of fracturing fluids and production of reservoir fluids. Ineffective perforation can add of near-wellbore complexities. In this study, we looked at different perforation techniques from classical to recent contemporary. We investigated both stimulation and intervention aspects to provide pros and cons for these techniques and evaluate their effectiveness. Six challenging scenarios in stimulation were detailed with lessons learnt, best practices, and guidelines. These included deviated wells, soft rock formations, double pipe completions, fracture diversion requirement, horizontal wells with plug-and-perforate completions, and a mature asset. The workflows included perspectives such as perforating, fracture pressure analysis, and diagnostic injections. Efficient workflows for the well engineering cycle were also developed for the case when the injection rate cannot be established due to the inefficient wellbore−rock connection. Contingency interventions and bottomhole assembly (BHA) configurations were investigated with the goal of enabling a flexible strategy in a single intervention run to enhance injectivity.Currently, operational efficiency and business needs are paramount. This work presents integrated understanding, established practices, and resulting workflows to manage tradeoff and optimize the net present value of integrated projects.